Students learn better online than in the classroom, according to research examining the uptick of digital education during COVID-19.
The study by researchers from Charles Darwin University (CDU), alongside Holy Angel University in the Philippines, found online learning can increase a student’s short and long-term memory by improving their cognitive capacity.
To determine the effectiveness of online learning compared to classroom learning, the researchers explored the use of remote learning by undergraduate accounting students after it was introduced at a university in the Southeast Asian country during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Researchers surveyed 482 first, second, and third-year students studying an accountancy degree in the 2020 to 2021 academic year. It was the first time the subject university had introduced online learning, with teaching conducted over live-streams and students required to attend online classes.
Lead author and CDU Professor of Accounting Indra Abeysekera said while students were receptive to online education, they encountered difficulties learning from poor teaching quality and hard-to-use learning management systems.
“These difficulties resulted in overwhelming students and increasing their cognitive load, or the amount of information their working memories can process at any given time,” Professor Abeysekera said.
Professor Abeysekera said if the quality of online learning is high, it can help students manage their cognitive load and thus improve their memory.
“To meet that promise, teaching quality can be improved with instructors having up-to-date knowledge and understanding of the learning materials, being willing to help students with learning, providing learning materials consistent with the syllabus, and empathising with students to encourage and motivate students to their best,” he said.
“Learning management systems also play a crucial role. Learning content must be available and directly related to their learning outcomes.”
Professor Abeysekera said decreasing cognitive load in these ways can help to improve students' short-term memory through high electronic learning quality and satisfaction.
“When these favourable effects are repeated, it can elicit students' behaviours towards retaining learning for the long term.”
Mobile phones and AI can play an important role
Professor Abeysekera said future avenues of research from this study included exploring if university-level learning could be brought to mobile phones.
“Online education has opened up possibilities to reach a wider population to share knowledge and skills, and universities can play a leading role in reaching the rural poor,” he said, noting a strong positive correlation between education and poverty reduction in the Philippines.
“Smartphones open up the possibility of reaching out to a greater population to take up university education such as undertaking accounting degree studies.”
Professor Abeysekera added that ChatGPT can complement this with easily accessible knowledge, which has “reset what is known, can be known, and is beyond knowledge.”
“These tools can help decrease educational institution costs and costs of student learning, increase education quality, and reduce social inequality.”